Chinese
Journal of International Law
http://www.chinesejil.org/; Oxford Journals
site: http://chinesejil.oxfordjournals.org
Boards
of Editors; Main page; Send all submissions and all editorial
inquiries to: sienhoATchinesejil.org
The Chinese JIL is a peer-reviewed journal. Invitations for manuscripts do not guarantee
acceptance. All submissions go through
the normal review process. The first
peer-review is usually completed within 8 weeks.
The Chinese
JIL Style Guide (online at: http://www.chinesejil.org/style.htm;
version 20071217)
Rule 1.
Overall policy. The Journal
attempts to present papers of the best quality.
We prefer papers with rigorous analyses.
Our overall style policy is: clarity, simplicity and consistency within
each individual article. These rules are
designed so that a reader can immediately understand the footnotes without
carrying with him or her a book of style such as the
US Bluebook to consult. We do not enforce these rules strictly, but
strongly recommend strict compliance to promote overall efficiency. For a free sample issue online, go to: http://chinesejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol4/issue1/.
Rule 1a. Accuracy and proper crediting. The
authors are reminded of the requirement that every statement in a paper must be well supported by
analysis and sources and give proper credits to the original authors for their creative ideas and analyses. Plagiarism is
prohibited. Every quotation
must be footnoted and every resort to official and other materials must be
precise and accurate. The authors are
required to do “substantive cite-checking” to ensure that all arguments are properly
and accurately sourced and referenced before submitting their manuscripts.
Rule 1b. Copyright and other rights. When submitting a manuscript, each
author represents that the submission is original, contains NO defamatory
material and infringes NO existing copyright, and gives the Journal the right
of first refusal. The author shall
inform the Editor-in-Chief if the paper is simultaneously submitted to other
journals, in which case the Journal may decide not to review the
manuscript.
Rule 2. Use of template and format.
We ask everyone to use this template (www.chinesejil.org/template.doc)
with all the settings undisturbed (these include: page setup; footnote style;
text style). If you cannot download it,
email: sienhoATchinesejil.org
for a copy. Please use “normal” or “base
text” style throughout the piece. The
footnote style includes a hanging indent feature. After the footnote number, please press
“space” once, and then press “tab” to ensure formatting. Many thanks for your cooperation. However, if, for some reason, you cannot use
this template, you may submit your paper in another format in the
beginning. Some general points on the
template and format:
(1) Fonts in main
body text. Use “Garamond 10 point”. Use italics for case names (in
(2) Font in header:
Garamond 9 point. No footer is used.
(3)
Fonts in footnotes. Use regular “Garamond 9 point”. Do
not use any special fonts such as italics or underlining for case names, titles
of articles, journals or books; simply use the regular font. This
applies to titles of articles in foreign languages. N.B., use italics only for
emphasis and for foreign phrases within an English title. If an entire title is
in French, the entire title should be in regular font. (This policy on font is
from Columbia LR, which is liberating. Scholars should not spend too much time
on attractions such as beautiful fonts.)
Rule
2a. Spelling; different styles. Where there are different forms of spelling, the Journal takes the “Oxford” style on spelling
except that: (1) “judgment” should be “judgment”, not “judgement”;
(2) we do not like ‘single quotes’ outside “double quotes”; we use “double
quotes” as the main form of quotation marks with ‘single quotes’ inside “double quotes”. However, the
spelling in official
or other originally quoted materials should not be altered.
Rule 2b. Last name of a Chinese author when placed first (in the main text, footnotes, header or footer). As we know, Chinese people generally place their last names first, first names last. In order to make this apparent to those not familiar with Chinese names, this Journal attempts to capitalize the entire last name of when it is placed first, for example, WANG Tieya. This rule applies throughout a paper. When a Chinese author uses the Western style and places his or her last name last, it will be treated in the same way as a Western name, for example, Haopei Li.
Rule
3. Structure of the paper. We apply
this Mandatory Style to the title and section headings. The structure of a normal paper consists of
(1) Abstract and (2) the Body. We use
footnotes, NOT endnotes. The structure
of the paper should normally be as follows:
LIN Zexu
Abstract [this consists of the questions discussed and your answers,
no more than 130 words]: The
Utopia doctrine asserts that Utopia as an ideal can promote peace, stability
and human flourishing. A utopia is an
imagined civic polity consisting of 3 main elements: transparency; legitimacy;
and mass appeal. A utopian goal may help
to improve the world but may drive the world mad. To take full advantage of the doctrine,
conscientious policy-makers may want to take it easy and not engender
exaggerated sense of exuberance. [For a
real example from the Journal, hit: No case exists objections procedure; or
go to the OUP site
to see all.]
[The body of
text shall use this style:]
I. Introduction
II. The concept
of utopia
II.A. The basic
elements of the concept
II.B. The origin
of the concept
II.B.i. The first use of the term
III. The
practical implications in the international context
IV. Conclusion
Rule
3a. Some general points on the structure of the
paper:
(1) The main title
is centered.
(2) All headings are
“left-justified”, without any indentation.
(3) An
auto-biographical footnote should be numbered *; if possible, please give your
email address in this footnote, so that readers can contact you for discussion.
(4) Other footnotes
start with 1. No end notes are used.
(5) There is NO page
limit. Shorter pieces can be reviewed
more quickly. The Journal has published papers as long as 68 pages, and as short as
2 pages. The most important factor is quality. Rigor may require length. But reflect on the famed letter writer’s
apology to the recipient that “I am sorry I do not have time to write you a
shorter letter”.
Rule
3b. Date of your paper and subsequent
changes. In the auto-bio footnote,
please state the date on which the paper is completed (normally the date on
which the Journal and the author
agree that the paper is already for type-setting by the publisher). Because of the tremendous costs involved in
changing materials after type-setting, at the page-proofing stage, the authors
are not supposed to make substantial substantive changes. Rather, you are supposed to correct mistakes
only. Subsequent developments may be
briefly noted, or briefly discussed in the form of a post-script at the end of
this paper or in a footnote at the end of the paper. We request that the author notify the
Editor-in-Chief of any material substantive changes made at page-proofing stage.
Rule 3c. Paragraph numbering. As from vol. 6, no. 1 (2007), every
author is asked to number every paragraph (or a small group of two or three if
the content of these units can be better grouped in just
one paragraph) in every submission. This rule is intended
to promote research and precision in citation to the articles
published in the Journal. This makes it possible for a reader to cite to
parts of a paper in html format.
Rule 4.
Quotations. We use double
quotes (single quotes within double quotes), like: “God said, ‘Let there be light’”. However, single quotes are used if they are
in the original text quoted.
Rule 4a.
Block quote: only left indent 0.26 inch; NO right indent; there is a
blank line space before and after the block quote. There are NO quotation marks
at the beginning or after the block quote.
Rule 4b. Alteration in quotations. Any alteration to a quote (anything changed
or added to a quote by the author including adding paragraph or page numbers)
that is placed within a normal quotation or a block quotation must be indicated
by “[ ... ]”, not “( ... )”. For example, “This is not too nice. [Para. 10.]” (If the addition of “para.
10” is placed outside the quotation marks or outside a block quote (not in the
same part of the text of the block quote), then the sentence becomes: “This is
not too nice.” (Para. 10.). In addition,
if the content of a quotation is not a complete sentence, then the punctuation
marks of period and comma are placed outside the quotation marks (e.g.,
“mankind’s conscience”, not “mankind’s conscience,”). If a special punctuation mark (such as
question mark or an exclamation mark) is in the original, and it is intended to
be used as part of the original, then it is placed inside the quotation marks.
Rule 5. Footnoting.
Use footnotes only; do not use endnotes. Footnote numbers normally go after the punctuation marks such as “,”
and “.”, but before “:” and “;”, for example: “This is nice,10”;
“This is nice.10”; “This is nice10 ; this is ok.”; “This is nice10:
This is completely unfair.” Refer to footnotes as “above n.88, 333”, “below
n.33, 999 and text thereto”, etc. Use
normal fonts in footnotes (Rule 2c). Every footnote ends with a period, e.g., “10 See above n.33, 333.”
Rule 5a.
Latin phrases. Avoid them if
you can. “Loc. cit.” and “op. cit.” are
prohibited. Instead of using “Loc. cit.” and “op. cit.”, please always give
the name of the author, and then make a specific reference to a particular
note, such as “above n.88, 333”, “below n.33, 999.”
Rule 5b.
Sample citations in footnotes:
(1) UN Charter, art.
2(4).
(2) ILC Draft
Articles on State Responsibility, art. 48.
(3)
(4) VCLT, n.3 above,
art. 31.
(5) Sovereignty over
Mars (
(6) Tom S. Mor, Opinio Juris Is Not Necessary, in: Li Haopei
(ed.), Sources (1975), 10 (commenting on Johnny Musketeer).
(7) Tom S. Mor, Opinio Juris Is Probably Necessary, 101 Columbia LR (1995),
21, 104-05 (“no one is willing to say expressly that it is not necessary”).
(8) Tom S. Mor, Opinio Juris Is Now Necessary, 99 EJIL (2000), 999, 1011
n.888.
(9) Tom S. Mor, 5 Chronicles of Other People’s Opinion (1999), 249.
(10) GA Res 99999 (2993).
(11) Gug v. Hug, 888
(12) Mor, above n.5,
888. (Never use “loc. cit., 2.” or “op. cit., 2”; cross references must be made
to specific footnotes.)
(13) Mor, below n.222,
and text thereto. (Never use “loc. cit., 2.” or “op. cit., 2”; cross references
must be made to specific footnotes.)
(14) On natural law,
see below Part I.B.ii., and text to nn.33-39.
(15) Christine Gray, The
New Bush Doctrine, 1 Chinese JIL (2002), 444 (www.chinesejil.org/gray.pdf).
(16) Christa White, The Old Boy’s Doctrine: Complete Bankruptcy of
Prevention, 99 Chinese JIL (2100), 222.
(17) LIN Wenzhong, The Bush Doctrine, 99 Zhongguo Faxue [
(18) LIN Wenzhong, Zhongguo
Gaige [The Reforms in
Rule
5c. General explanations for Rule 5b:
(1) Volume numbers
always precede immediately the title of the book or journal: Shabtai Rosenne, 3 Law and
Practice (1997), 1400.
(2) Dates of
publication are always in parentheses (except when citing to ICJ Reports which
should be, as used by the ICJ itself, in this format, “ICJ Reports 1999”), and
always follow immediately the title of the book or journal (except when citing
to US cases, follow the official citation format). You may wish to skip the
volume number of a journal is the volume coincides with the calendar year.
E.g., if volume 92 of AJIL was published in year 1925, simply use “AJIL (1925),
20”. Otherwise indicate both the volume number and the date of publication.
(3) Page numbers:
always put a comma before a page number.
(4) Internal
references to different sections of the author’s own article must be made to
Parts, or Sections, or texts to footnotes (not to page numbers) in order to
avoid confusion in typesetting.
(5) Citations to web
documents should are as simply as possible, and placed in parentheses, and
without the hyperlink placed in it. E.g., Christine Gray, The New Bush
Doctrine, 1 Chinese JIL (2002), 444 (www.chinesejil.org/gray.pdf).
[There is no need for http; “available
at”, etc.; the date of the visit is important is TIME is of the essence.] Please try to specify paragraph numbers when
page numbers are not available from an htm file.
(6) First name,
middle initial and last names in footnotes: (a) when citing to an author for
the first time, always try to give the first name and middle initials of any
individual (we are often surprised that people who have the same last names
also like to have the same first names); (b) when referenced to another
footnote, then just last name is sufficient.
(7) Book chapters:
use “in:” to indicate the book: Tom Mor, Opinio Juris, in:
Li Haopei (ed.), Sources (1975), 45.
(8) Between the main title and a subtitle, there should be a “:” (example
5(b)16).
(9) Journals and books published in Chinese should be specified in Chinese
pinyin and then followed by an English translation in brackets (examples 5(b)(17) and 5(b)(18)), but the titles of articles published in
Chinese need only be specified by their English translation. This rule aims to avoid confusion resulting
from using only the English translation of titles of books and journals.
Rule
5d. Citations to paragraphs. Whenever an
original paper or document contains paragraph numbers, every citation to parts
of that paper or document must indicate the paragraph numbers.
Rule 6. Titles of individuals. You are required to make a distinction
between the capacities in which an individual expresses an opinion. This rule is necessary because such differing
capacities have differing impacts on the formation of international law.
Rule
6a. For private individuals, avoid titles. When views are expressed in a private
capacity, in the text (main body and footnotes) of your submission, avoid using
any title (e.g.: In an article published in the British Year Book of
International Law, Robert Jennings (or simply Jennings, not Professor Sir
Robert Jennings) is of the view that …). If you believe a point of view
requires the title of the author to bolster its value, please consider whether
it is worth citing to. Exceptions to
this rule: when a point of view is relied upon as representative of certain
things (whether good or bad), and if the title is an indication of those, then
use the title (E.g.: Absolute sovereign immunity is held by
Rule
6b. For official persons, specify titles. When a view was put forward by an individual
in his or her official capacity, the official title must be indicated. For example, (1) In
Rule 7. Cases. Follow official citations except that if the
case is from a national court, add the name of the State before the name of the
Court before the date, e.g., (UK H.L. 2002). It is preferable to have the full
case name at least once in your article. When
a case name appears in the main text, it should be italicized. In the
footnotes, however, it should be in regular font.
Rule
7a. ICJ cases. Use short names when possible, but indicate parties and the stage of the proceedings, for example:
Lockerbie (Libya v. UK), Provisional Measures, ICJ Reports 1998, 26 (NOT the
whole name “Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention
arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United
Kingdom), Preliminary Objections, Judgment”).
In the main text, if you use “case” after a name, e.g., “in the Nottbohm case”, only italicize “Nottbohm”,
not “case”, so that it reads: “in the Nottbohm case”. The
same applies to advisory opinions, e.g. (names may be hypothetical), “in his
declaration appended to the Laser Weapons
advisory opinion (UNSC Request) of 2099, Judge Jennings expressed his
displeasure”. In footnotes, use “decl.” to indicate declarations, “sep. op.” for “separate
opinion”, “diss. op.” for “dissenting opinion”. E.g.:
Laser Weapons advisory opinion (UNGA Request), ICJ Reports 2999, 23 (decl. Shi); ibid., 35 (diss. op.
Higgins); ibid., 55 (sep. op. Evensen).
Rule 8. Official documents. Follow the
official citations used in these documents. Use: “GA Res”
for General Assembly resolution; “SC Res” for
Security Council resolution.
Rule 9. Abbreviations. Try to follow
the official abbreviations if available.
Do not use periods in the abbreviations of titles and organizations, but
use periods in the abbreviations of Latin phrases. For example, use “e.g.” for
“for example”; but use “UN” (not U.N.) for “United Nations”. Some commonly used abbreviations follow:
(1) “ICJ” for
“International Court of Justice”;
(2) “ICC” for
“International Criminal Court”;
(3) “ITLOS” for
“International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea”;
(4) “ICTY” for
“International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
(5) “ICTR” for “International
Criminal Tribunal for
(6) “ILC” for
“International Law Commission”;
(7) “ILA” for
“International Law Association”.
Rule
9a. Special
Abbreviations. Use “ibid.” to
indicate “in the same place”, meaning “the same source in which the reference
appears”. Use “id.” to indicate “by the same person” when citing to multiple
items by the same author. “Ibid.” and
“id.” are used only to refer to the immediately
preceding reference. Otherwise,
please use “above n.__” or “below n.__” to indicate cross references in
footnotes.
Rule
9b. Abbreviations
within a paper. Abbreviations in a
language system other than English should be listed in the auto-bio footnote
(E.g., In this paper, the following abbreviations are used: AFP for “Agence
France Presse”; AJDA for “Actualités
juridiques de droit administratif”; EFEO for “Ecole
française d’Extrême
Orient”; MSH for “Maison des Sciences humaines”; PUF for “Presses universitaires
de France”; RIDP for “Revue internationale de droit public”; RSC for “Revue de sciences criminelles et de droit pénal comparé”; RUDH for “Revue universelle des droits de l’homme”).
Rule 10. Journal titles. When
abbreviating journal titles, keep the unique components of a title but
abbreviate the other words in it. For example, use “Chinese JIL” for “Chinese
Journal of International Law”; “Cambridge LJ” for “Cambridge Law Journal”;
“Harvard JIL” for “Harvard Journal of International Law”; “Revue Belge DI” for “Revue Belge de droit international”; “Max Planck YUNL” for “Max Planck Yearbook
of United Nations Law”; etc. This rule is intended to make it possible for a
reader to spot the title of journals without referring to list of
abbreviations, etc.
Rule
10a. Common non-unique components are abbreviated
as follows:
(1) “LR” for “Law Review”;
(2) “JIL” for
“Journal of International Law”;
(3) “JTL” for
“Journal of Transactional Law”;
(4) “JILP” for
“Journal of International Law and Policy”;
(5) “CL” for
“Comparative Law”;
(6) “YIL” for
“Yearbook of International Law” or “Year Book of International Law”;
(7) “JLS” for
“Journal of Legal Studies”.
Rule
10b.
As exceptions to this Rule 10 on journal titles, you may (but need not) use the
following:
(1) “AFDI” for “Annuaire français de Droit international”;
(2) “AJIL” for
“American Journal of International Law”;
(3) “BYIL” or “BYBIL”
for “British Year Book of International Law”;
(4) “Chinese JIL”
for “Chinese Journal of International Law”;
(5) “EJIL” for
“European Journal of International Law”;
(6) “FMPRC” for “the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of
(7) “EPIL” for “Encyclopedia
of Public International Law”;
(8) “Hague Lectures”
or “Recueil des Cours”
or “RCADI” for “Recueil
des Cours de l’Académie de
la Haye (RCADI)” or “Collected Courses of the Hague
Academy of International Law”;
(9) “ILM” for
“International Legal Materials”;
(10) “ICLQ” for
“International and Comparative Law Quarterly”;
(11) “ILR” for
“International Law Reports”;
(12) “UNYB” for
“United Nations Yearbook”;
(13) “ICJYB” for
“International Court of Justice Yearbook”;
(14) “ICTYJR” for
“ICTY Judicial Reports”;
(15) “ILCYB” for
“Yearbook of the International Law Commission”;
(16) “NJW” for “Neue Juristische Wochenschrift”;
(17) “RGDIP” for
“Revue general de droit international public”;
(18) “UNJYB” for
“United Nations Juridical Yearbook”;
(19) “YIHL” for
“Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law”.
Rule
11. Unregulated situations. Apply a rule that governs the situation that
is closest to an unregulated situation.
Comments are invited to: sienhoATchinesejil.org.
[End.]